Category Spine Health

Back pain is a prevalent issue that affects millions of people worldwide, impacting their quality of life and overall well-being. As one of the leading causes of disability and missed workdays, it is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the common factors that contribute to back pain. In this article, we will delve into the valuable insights provided by Dr. Ganesh Mundhe, a renowned back pain specialist, to shed light on the various causes of back pain and how his expertise can help patients find effective solutions.

Poor Posture and Sedentary Lifestyle:

Dr. Ganesh Mundhe emphasizes that poor posture and a sedentary lifestyle are significant contributors to back pain. Prolonged hours of sitting, whether at a desk or in front of a screen, can lead to weakened back muscles and strained ligaments, resulting in discomfort and pain. Understanding the importance of maintaining proper posture and incorporating regular physical activity into daily routines can help prevent and alleviate back pain.

Muscle Strain and Injury:

Muscle strains and injuries are common culprits behind acute back pain. Lifting heavy objects incorrectly, sudden movements, or engaging in strenuous physical activities without proper warm-up can lead to muscle tears or sprains in the back. Dr. Ganesh Mundhe advises patients to practice proper lifting techniques, avoid overexertion, and participate in regular exercise programs that strengthen the back and core muscles.

Degenerative Disc Disease:

Degenerative disc disease is a condition that occurs with age and involves the natural wear and tear of the spinal discs. As the discs lose their cushioning properties, they can cause compression of the nerves and lead to chronic back pain. Dr. Ganesh Mundhe stresses the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, to minimize the impact of degenerative disc disease on the spine.

Herniated or Bulging Discs:

A herniated or bulging disc occurs when the soft cushion-like material between the spinal vertebrae pushes out and presses against nearby nerves. This can result in shooting pain, tingling, or numbness down the legs, a condition known as sciatica. Dr. Ganesh Mundhe offers specialized treatments such as spinal adjustments and therapeutic exercises to relieve pressure on the affected nerves and provide relief.

Arthritis and Spinal Stenosis:

Arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis, can affect the joints of the spine and lead to chronic back pain. Additionally, spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal, can cause pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, resulting in discomfort and reduced mobility. Dr. Ganesh Mundhe utilizes a multidisciplinary approach to manage arthritis-related back pain, combining chiropractic care, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications.

Stress and Emotional Factors:

Stress and emotional factors can have a surprising impact on back pain. Tension and anxiety can lead to muscle tension and pain in the back and neck. Dr. Ganesh Mundhe emphasizes the importance of stress management techniques, such as meditation, yoga, or counseling, to help alleviate back pain caused by emotional factors.

Understanding the common causes of back pain is crucial in finding effective solutions to alleviate discomfort and improve overall spinal health. As highlighted by Dr. Ganesh Mundhe, addressing poor posture, incorporating regular physical activity, and seeking professional guidance for specialized treatments are essential steps to managing back pain. By taking a proactive approach to back health, individuals can enhance their quality of life and enjoy a pain-free and active lifestyle. If you are experiencing back pain, do not hesitate to consult Dr. Ganesh Mundhe, who offers compassionate care and tailored solutions to help you find relief and regain your well-being.

Get effective back pain treatment in Pimple Saudagar from Dr. Ganesh Mundhe. Our expert chiropractic care specializes in lower back pain treatment, providing tailored solutions for lasting relief and improved spinal health. Regain your mobility and well-being with personalized care from Dr. Ganesh Mundhe, your trusted back pain specialist in Pimple Saudagar.

Lumbar Canal The narrowing of the lumbar spine, known as stenosis, causes compression of the spinal nerves. This may result in lower back and leg pain, numbness, and paralysis. Degenerative disc disease, congenital abnormalities, arthritis, and other disorders are a few of the potential causes of this syndrome.

Degenerative disc disease occurs when the discs in the spine get damaged and lose their ability to cushion the spine. This may compress the spine, resulting in discomfort and other symptoms. Age, genetics, and prior trauma are all risk factors for this illness.

Congenital defects are birth defects. Spina bifida, scoliosis, and spinal stenosis are a few examples of these. Pain and other symptoms can result from the spine becoming compressed and constricted as a result of these diseases. Family history and specific medical conditions are risk factors for congenital abnormalities.

Arthritis is a disorder in which the joints become inflamed and stiff. The spine may be impacted by this and become compressed, resulting in pain and other symptoms. Age, heredity, and a person’s way of life are all risk factors for arthritis.

Other causes of Lumbar Canal Stenosis include other structural conditions, such as herniated discs, and trauma, such as a fall or car accident.

Degenerative Disc Disease

Degenerative disc disease is a condition in which the discs in the spine get damaged and lose their cushioning function. This may compress the spine, resulting in discomfort and other symptoms. Degenerative disc disease symptoms can include sciatica, lower back discomfort, tingling or numbness in the legs, and muscle spasms.

Age, heredity, and prior traumas are all risk factors for developing degenerative disc disease. Our discs are more susceptible to damage as we age, and having a family member with the condition can increase our risk of developing it. Degenerative disc degeneration might also increase the likelihood of previous injuries, including a herniated disc.

Physical therapy, medicines, and injections can all be used to treat degenerative disc degeneration. The back muscles can be strengthened and flexibility increased with the help of physical therapy. Pain and inflammation can be reduced with the use of medications. Nerve discomfort can be lessened with injections. The underlying issue may not be completely resolved by any of these treatments, but they can all help to lessen discomfort and improve function.

Congenital Defects

Congenital defects are birth defects. Spina bifida, scoliosis, and spinal stenosis are a few examples of these. Pain and other symptoms can result from the spine becoming compressed and constricted as a result of these diseases. Lower back pain, sciatica, leg numbness or tingling, and muscle spasms are examples of congenital defect symptoms.

Family history and certain medical problems are also risk factors for congenital abnormalities. An individual is more prone to develop the ailment if there is a family history of it. Congenital abnormalities can also be more likely to occur in people who have certain medical disorders, such as diabetes and osteoporosis.

Physical therapy, medicines, and injections can all be used to treat congenital abnormalities. The back muscles can be strengthened and flexibility increased with the help of physical therapy. Pain and inflammation can be reduced with the use of medications. Nerve discomfort can be lessened with injections. The underlying issue may not be completely resolved by any of these treatments, but they can all help to lessen discomfort and improve function.

Age, genetics, and lifestyle factors are all risk factors for arthritis. Our joints are more prone to wear and tear as we age, and having a family member with the condition can increase our risk of developing it. Smoking and being overweight are two lifestyle choices that can raise your risk of developing arthritis.

Arthritis treatment may include physical therapy, medicines, and injections. The back muscles can be strengthened and flexibility increased with the help of physical therapy. Pain and inflammation can be reduced with the use of medications. Nerve discomfort can be lessened with injections. The underlying issue may not be completely resolved by any of these treatments, but they can all help to lessen discomfort and improve function.

Other structural disorders, such as ruptured discs, and trauma, such as a fall or a car accident, can also induce Lumbar Canal Stenosis. When a disc is injured, part of the interior material is forced out, resulting in a herniated disc. This may cause the spinal nerves to get compressed, which can cause pain and other symptoms. Trauma, such as a collision or fall, can also compress the spine, resulting in discomfort and other symptoms.

Physical therapy, medicines, and injections can be used to treat herniated discs and trauma. The back muscles can be strengthened and flexibility increased with the help of physical therapy. Pain and inflammation can be reduced with the use of medications. Nerve discomfort can be lessened with injections. The underlying issue may not be completely resolved by any of these treatments, but they can all help to lessen discomfort and improve function.

 Conclusion

In conclusion, it is important to understand the causes of Lumbar Canal Stenosis in order to better understand and treat the condition. Dr. Ganesh Mundhe has highlighted several potential causes of the condition, including degenerative disc disease, congenital defects, arthritis, and other conditions. Risk factors for developing the condition can include age, genetics, and previous injuries. Treatment options for Lumbar Canal Stenosis include physical therapy, medications, and injections. All of these treatments can help to reduce pain and improve function, but they may not cure the underlying condition. It is important to seek medical advice from a doctor if you are experiencing any symptoms of the condition.

Dr. Ganesh Mundhe – MBBS, MS (Orthopaedics)

The spine surgeon Dr. Ganesh Mundhe practises in Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, India. He received training in the full range of minimally invasive spine surgery at some of the most prestigious institutions worldwide. His areas of expertise include artificial disc replacement, deformity correction, minimally invasive spine surgery, etc.

Cervical spine surgery

Cervical spine surgery is a type of operation used to treat issues in the neck area. In order to reduce pain and increase mobility, it typically entails removing damaged or herniated discs, fixing fractures or other wounds, or implanting artificial discs or other devices. New cervical spine surgery methods and procedures have emerged in recent years as a result of technological advancements, which may provide better results, quicker recovery times, and fewer complications.

The most recent developments in cervical spine surgery, such as minimally invasive surgery, endoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, and stem cell therapy, will be covered in this blog. It will examine the advantages and potential hazards of each of these technologies, assisting you in choosing your course of treatment.

Minimally Invasive Cervical Spine Surgery

Minimally invasive cervical spine surgery is a technique for treating back and neck issues that involves making small incisions and using specialized equipment. Minimally invasive surgery frequently results in less scars, less pain, and a quicker recovery period than traditional open surgery. Additionally, it is less intrusive and has a lesser chance of problems.

However, minimally invasive cervical spine surgery can also come with certain potential dangers. These include bleeding, blood vessel injury, nerve damage, and infection. Before having any kind of surgery, it’s crucial to go over these risks with your doctor.

Endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery

Endoscopic cervical spine surgery is a minimally invasive method that uses an endoscope, which is a tiny camera, to observe the spine and advise the surgeon. This kind of surgery often only needs a minor incision, which lowers the risk of problems and shortens the healing process. Additionally, endoscopic surgery can give the surgeon a more exact picture of the patient’s spine, enabling him or her to make diagnoses and prescribe treatments that are more precise.

Endoscopic cervical spine surgery can have some dangers, though. These include bleeding, blood vessel injury, nerve damage, and infection. Before having any kind of surgery, it’s crucial to go over these risks with your doctor.

Robotics in Cervical Spine Surgery

Robotics in cervical spine surgery is a novel technique that can help surgeons do more precise and accurate surgeries. Robotic arms are used in this kind of surgery to control the surgeon’s tools. This makes it possible for a more exact image and procedure, which might lessen the chance of complications and hasten recovery. Robotic surgery is also less intrusive, which lowers the possibility of infection and tissue damage.

However, using robotics for cervical spine surgery carries certain potential hazards as well. These include bleeding, blood vessel injury, nerve damage, and infection. Before having any kind of surgery, it’s crucial to go over these risks with your doctor.

Cervical Spine Surgery Using Stem Cells

Stem cell therapy in cervical spine surgery is a relatively new procedure that can help minimise post-operative inflammation, discomfort, and scarring. This therapy involves infusing stem cells into the afflicted area to enhance healing and minimize inflammation. This can shorten the period of recuperation and lower the chance of problems.

However, stem cell therapy is not without risk. These include infection and the potential for stem cells to develop tumors. Before starting any kind of therapy, it’s crucial to go over these risks with your doctor.

Conclusion ➖

In conclusion, technological improvements have resulted in novel procedures and therapies for cervical spine surgery, such as minimally invasive surgery, endoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, and stem cell therapy. The advantages of these new technology include quicker healing times, less discomfort, and fewer complications. They do, however, also come with certain possible hazards, including bleeding, nerve damage, and infections. Before having any kind of surgery, it’s crucial to go over these risks with your doctor.

With continuing technological advancements and advancements in minimally invasive and robotic surgery, the future of cervical spine surgery appears hopeful. Cervical spine surgery can give patients better results and a quicker recovery with the aid of these new procedures.

Dr. Ganesh believes in a Comprehensive control Programme that comprises a thorough evaluation, a broad-based non-operative care programme, and, when necessary, pain control injections and surgery. For safe spine surgery, he employs intra-operative neuro-monitoring (SSEP and MEP), spine navigation (Pediguard and navigation stations), and advanced instrumentation techniques as needed.

Herniated disks are a common condition where a portion of the spinal disk bulges out of its normal position and presses on nearby nerves. Many people wonder if herniated disks can heal on their own. The answer is that it depends on several factors, including the severity of the injury, the location of the disk, and the overall health of the individual.

In some cases, a herniated disk can heal on its own with proper rest and self-care. This may involve a combination of pain management techniques, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications such as losing weight or improving posture. Over time, the disk may naturally reabsorb and the pressure on the nerve will be relieved.

What is a herniated disc?

A herniated disc, also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, is a condition in which the gel-like center of a spinal disc bulges out through a crack in the disc’s outer layer, putting pressure on the surrounding nerves. This can cause back pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs, depending on the location of the herniation.

It is important to consult a doctor if you are experiencing symptoms of a herniated disk, such as back pain, leg pain, or weakness. Your doctor can help determine the best course of action for your specific case, including any necessary treatments or therapies.

What causes a disc to herniate?

A herniated disc can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

. Age-related degeneration: As we age, the discs in our spine can become less flexible and more prone to cracking or rupturing.

. Injury or trauma: A sudden injury or impact to the spine can cause a disc to herniate.

. Repetitive motions: Repeated motions, such as heavy lifting or bending, can put stress on the discs in your spine and lead to a herniation over time.

. Poor posture: Maintaining poor posture over a long period of time can cause stress on the spine and increase the risk of a herniated disc.

. Obesity: Carrying extra weight can put extra pressure on the spine, leading to a higher risk of herniated discs.

How does a herniated disc heal?

A herniated disc can heal in several ways, including conservative treatments such as physical therapy, pain medication, hot/cold therapy, and chiropractic care. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the herniated portion of the disc. Time and rest are also important factors in the healing process. The body’s natural healing process can also help to reabsorb the herniated material and reduce pressure on the nerve over time. The specific treatment and recovery time for a herniated disc vary depending on the individual’s health, the severity of the injury, and the underlying cause.

What are the various treatments for herniated discs?

Treatments for herniated discs can include the following:

Pain medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications can help relieve pain and inflammation.

Physical therapy: A physical therapist can help you strengthen the muscles supporting your back and improve your posture and flexibility.

Hot/cold therapy: Applying hot or cold compresses can help reduce pain and swelling.

Epidural injections: A steroid injection into the affected area can help reduce pain and inflammation.

Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the herniated portion of the disc and relieve pressure on the nerve.

Activity modification: Avoiding activities that worsen your symptoms and participating in low-impact activities can help speed up the healing process.

The appropriate treatment will depend on the individual’s symptoms, the severity of the herniation, and other factors. Your doctor can help determine the best course of treatment for you.

Dr. Ganesh mundhe is a spine specialist in pimpri chinchwad, well-known for his excellent results. He is considered among the best spine in pune. He is also among the best spine specialist in the city of pune. He is available at NRS hospital, pune which is among the best spine surgery hospital in pimpri chinchwad.

Many Indians be afflicted by acute or chronic back pain. Acute back pain frequently happens suddenly, normally because of a known injury. In maximum cases, it resolves within a few days, however, sometimes it is able to last as long as six weeks.

Chronic pain usually develops slowly, and the severity of the condition may also get worse over time. Chronic back pain lasts for at least three months or is episodic and recurs over a period of six months or more. Your back pain has to be treated as quickly as possible, whether or not it is chronic or acute. Talk to a doctor approximately your back health.

What causes acute back pain?

Acute back pain is generally caused because of strained or sprained soft tissues of the back, which consist of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. This can happen, especially whilst you lift a heavy item with improper posture. You might also experience back pain when you have muscle spasms.

In a few cases, acute pain lasts some months (less than six months). Once any underlying cause now not triggers the pain, it is going away.

Acute pain is caused by:

. Surgical procedures.

. A fractured bone.

. Sudden annular tear ( Acute disc rupture)

. A sudden sprain or strain

. Labour and delivery.

Once the acute pain has gone, you may resume your everyday daily activities.

What causes chronic back pain?

The structure of the spine is certainly quite complex. There are many factors that can contribute to chronic lower back pain, including:

. Disc degeneration

. Age-related degenerative arthritis

. Chronic  disc herniation

. Fractures because of compression

. Chronic pain syndromes like fibromyalgia

. Acute lower back pain treatment methods

Usually, minor acute back pain resolves quickly on its very own in maximum cases. Rest should be limited to 3 days for the patient due to the fact that prolonged bed rest can show counter productive. Instead, the medical doctor may suggest pain medication ease your discomfort even as moving.  Patients with acute lower back pain are asked to move as much as possible within the limits of pain except for a few significant injuries that have happened to the spine. In addition, a physical therapist may recommend you to do stretch exercises to loosen tight muscle tissues and strengthen exercises to enhance the strength of weak muscles.

Common Treatments for Chronic Back Pain

In maximum cases, oral pain relievers aren’t meant for use long-time periods since they could cause physical dependence and tolerance. A combination of the following treatments may be used to control chronic back pain:

. Injections for pain management

. Physical therapy or Physiotherapy

. Trigger point injections

. Medical or surgical treatment is primarily based totally at the accurate diagnosis

If traditional treatments do now no longer work or aren’t appropriate, surgery to fix the spine problem is probably considered if the cause of the back pain is evident.

Most people go to a spine specialist following an accidental injury to their back or suffering from chronic back pain for some weeks or months. A team of medical doctors and physical therapists headed by Dr. Ganesh Mundhe, one of the best spine surgeons in Pune, combine their efforts to provide compassionate care to every patient. Dr. Ganesh Mundhe is one of the most successful spine surgeon in Pimpri Chinchwad Pune with more than 10 years of experience.

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Cervical spondylosis is a common degenerative disease that receives more acute with age. It is likewise called neck arthritis or cervical osteoarthritis.

Cervical spondylosis is found in extra than 85 percentage of people older than age 60. This condition may motive pain and stiffness withinside the neck for many people, however others with cervical spondylosis may never have any symptoms.

What causes cervical spondylosis?

Dehydrated spinal discs

The discs among spinal bones are typically thick and pad-like cushions. These disks help in absorbing the surprise of lifting, twisting, and different activities. Over the years, the gel-like material inner these discs dries out.This can lead to your bones rubbing together, making it painful.

Herniated discs

Spinal discs that act like cushions among the vertebrae of your spine can develop cracks, allowing leakage of the inner cushioning material. This material may want to press on the nerves and spinal cord and could result in arm numbness and pain radiating down the arm. Spinal disks begin drying out and shrinking as you age, allowing more bone-on-bone contact with vertebrae.

Stiff ligaments

With age, spinal ligaments can turn out to be stiff, making your neck lose its flexibility.

Bone Spurs

A bone spur is a bony lump developing off a bone. Bone spurs can expand over more extended periods. When the cartilage in joints of vertebrae for your spine begins to degenerate and the bone tissue tends to run against other bone tissue, a peculiar bone growth happens. The growth is alongside the edges of the vertebrae.These growths are, but common as you age.

What are the risk factors of Cervical spondylosis?

Aging is the greatest risk aspect for cervical spondylosis. The condition frequently develops as an outcome of changes that appear for your neck joints as you grow older. Dehydration, disc herniation, and bone spurs are all effects of aging.

But there are sure factors other than aging that may increase your risk of cervical spondylosis. These include the following

. Being inactive and overweight

. Injuries to the neck

. Holding your neck in an uncomfortable position for long durations of time

. Genetic factors

. Smoking

. Jobs that want repetitive neck actions and awkward positioning. Normal a part of growing older 

When should you see a doctor?

You must are trying to find medical attention while you notice a surprising onset of weak spot or numbness or loss of bowel control or loss of bladder. You have to also visit a medical doctor if you have pain to your top limbs and excessive excruciating pain.

Overview of the treatment for Cervical Spondylosis

The treatment for cervical spondylosis is depending on the severity of your symptoms. The most important aim of the treatment is to offer relief to the pain, help keep your regular activities as much as possible. The proper treatment also can assist in stopping permanent injury to the spinal cord and nerves.

Medication like non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is used over the long term to deal with cervical spondylosis. Sometimes, medical doctors additionally provide anti-seizure medications that inhibit pain pathways to lessen the pain, when the nerve is broken severely.  The mental pain and distress this is as a result of the condition may be handled by cognitive behavioral therapy or counseling, that’s aimed at helping understand the motive of the pain and the way to maintain the normal life with this condition.

If you would like to realize more about the treatment options available for cervical spondylosis, you may seek advice from Dr. Ganesh Mundhe , Dr. Ganesh mundhe is a spine specialist in pimpri chinchwad, well-known for his excellent results. He is considered among the best spine in pune. He is also among the best spine specialist in the city of pune. He is available at NRS hospital, pune which is among the best spine surgery hospital in pimpri chinchwad.

The underlying causes for most occurrences of back pain are non-emergent, but the intense pain and related symptoms often elevate anxiety and prompt a visit to the emergency room (ER). While back pain is typically treated in a primary care setting or by a musculoskeletal specialist, physicians are often cautious and look for warning signs of neurologically impairing or life-threatening causes. These cases are rare, but if present, they are considered a medical emergency and warrant immediate treatment to preserve back and/or leg function.

Back pain is considered the most common musculoskeletal cause for emergency room visits and typically involves individuals aged 18 to 65 years.

This article provides a comprehensive guide to when back pain may indicate a medical emergency and the associated red-flag symptoms to watch out for.

When an Emergency Room Visit Is Warranted for Back Pain

When dealing with severe back pain, making a judgment call about whether to seek help in a doctor’s office or visit the ER may be difficult.

The following list describes the symptoms and signs related to conditions that may have resulted in the spinal cord, cauda equina, or internal organ damage, which are typically considered as a medical emergency.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Lower back pain that radiates to the front abdomen may occur together in a rare, serious medical condition called an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Classic symptoms include:

• A continuous, stabbing pain of severe intensity felt deep in the abdomen between the sternum in the center of the chest and the belly button.
• Lower back pain, which may also spread to the groin, pelvis, and/or legs.
• A pulsating mass in the abdomen, which may be felt through the skin and is sensitive to touch.
• Sudden and rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing, clammy skin and cold sweats, general weakness, confusion, anxiety, and/or loss of consciousness, indicating shock.

Abdominal aneurysms are more prevalent among men aged 65 to 75 years who smoke cigarettes.

Cauda equina syndrome

Damage to the cauda equina nerves can cause cauda equina syndrome, a condition that results in severe impairments in the lower back and leg(s). The hallmark symptoms of this condition include:

• Difficulty or inability to control bowel movements with sensory loss and decreased sphincter tone in the anal region
• Difficulty in passing urine, a reduced urinary sensation, a loss of desire to pass urine, and/or a poor stream
• Numbness in the groin, buttocks, genitals, and/or inner thighs (saddle numbness)
• Sexual dysfunction

Cauda equina syndrome may occur as a result of acute trauma or develop without an inciting event, due to the progression of an underlying condition. These conditions may include a lumbar herniated disc, lumbar spinal stenosis, or spinal tumor that affects the cauda equina nerves.

Spinal tumor

Benign or metastatic spine tumors may cause back pain as the first symptom. Over time, they are typically accompanied by other distinguishing symptoms, such as:

• Unrelenting pain despite rest and medication
• Fever and chills
• Night pain
• Night sweats
• Progressive or sudden motor weakness in the leg(s)
• Unexplained weight loss

Tumors can originate in the spine or spread to the spine from other parts of the body, in which case they are more likely to lodge in the vertebrae because of the spine’s extensive network of blood vessels. The back and leg symptoms are typically dictated by the location of the tumor in the spine.

The spinal discs are designed to meet the structural and dynamic needs of the spine. Discs are strong enough to manage multiple planes of motion. The disc has several functions, including serving as an integral part of the joint at each spinal motion segment.

Over time, spinal discs tend to undergo complex structural, mechanical, and chemical changes and may become a source of pain. Even slight changes of disc nutrition and motion may cause a healthy, pristine disc to begin degenerating.

Aging may make the spinal disc more rigid and flat. As the structure changes, the disc becomes more susceptible to becoming a source of pain. Most people over 60 years old will have degenerative changes in the discs, but only a very small percent of people will experience pain. This article explains the process of disc degeneration.

Spinal Disc Anatomy and Function

Each spinal disc is one part of each of the motion segments that run along the length of the spinal column. The discs act as shock absorbers between the bony vertebral bodies; the flexibility of the discs allows the spine to resist multiple planes of motion created by various types of forces.

The intervertebral disc is comprised of a series of fibrous bands that form a tough outer layer and soft material with toothpaste consistency that forms a soft inner layer.

Annulus fibrosus

The disc’s outer layer is called the annulus fibrosus, named for the fibrous tissue that composes the layer. The fibers and water content of the annulus fibrosus exist in gradients. From the outer edge moving inwards, collagen type I fiber content decreases while protein and water content increases.

Nucleus pulposus

The inner material contained in the disc is called the nucleus pulposus, named for the pulp-like or gel-like soft consistency of this layer.

Blood supply to the spinal disc

Blood vessels that supply nutrients to the disc lie in the endplates above and below it, rather than penetrating the disc itself. Low blood supply limits nutrient delivery and slows the immune system response, particularly to tissues and cells damaged by age or injury.

Nerve endings in the spinal disc

In a healthy disc structure, nerves to the disc space only penetrate into the very outer edge of the annulus fibrosus.

If a tear in the annulus fibrosus reaches the outer edge, the nerves there can become sensitized and cause significant spine pain. With continued degradation, the nerve fibers on the periphery of the disc will actually grow further into the disc space. The growth of nerves may be associated with pain from a degenerating disc.

If the nucleus pulposus, which contains a great deal of inflammatory proteins, leaks out of the disc and touches a nerve root, that nerve root can become inflamed and cause pain that radiates down a leg (sciatica or lumbar radiculopathy) or down an arm (cervical radiculopathy).

Discs degenerate in several ways over time.

• Elastin fiber content increases, especially in the inner edge of the annulus fibrosus.
• Osmotic pressure needed to maintain high water content in the nucleus decreases.
• Water content decreases, from 80% at birth to as low as 66% in the sixth decade of life.
• Disc height decreases.

High water content gives the disc its spongy quality and shock-absorbing ability. With age and degeneration, the disc gradually loses its ability to absorb shock and its flexibility.

Other characteristics of aging, dehydrating disc include:

• Yellowing of the nucleus pulposus
• Small fractures in the adjacent bones
• Thickening of the adjacent bones
• Thinning of the cartilaginous endplates
• Fewer blood vessels in the endplates

As the blood vessels that serve the disc decrease in number, the build-up of cellular waste grows. The build-up in the disc can decrease pH to as low as 6.3, making the interior of the disc more acidic and risking further cellular damage with age and with stress.

The degenerating disc can cause structural changes nearby, such as the narrowing of a nerve pathway which causes spinal stenosis and may result in radicular pain.

Degenerative Disc Disease Pain

While disc degeneration does not necessarily cause pain, research has shown that disc degeneration is strongly associated with cases of low back pain. Pain may be debilitating in nature and restrict mobility.

Disc pain may be caused by several factors acting simultaneously, usually involving nerves that penetrate deep into the disc’s outer edge or involving the instability of the disc after an injury.

• Inflammation. The proteins in the disc interior cause inflammation if they come into contact with nearby muscles, joints, and nerve roots. Inflammation can cause pain, increased muscle tension, muscle spasms, and tenderness around the affected disc, as well as sharp, shooting pains in the leg or in the arm if a nerve root is affected (sciatica, or cervical radiculopathy respectively.)
• Disc space collapse. Decreasing disc height and water content place undue strain on the joints and muscles that support the vertebrae. In some cases, a collapsed disc space can cause a nerve root to become pinched or irritated, leading to pain in the arm or leg.
• Excessive micro-motions. Decreased cushioning and support from the disc may lead to a relative increase in motion between two vertebrae. This excess motion typically causes muscle spasms and pain may irritate the joints and nerve roots and can result in the formation of bone spurs.

Pain may range from mild to severe and may become worse with certain positions, such as prolonged standing or sitting, or with certain movements, such as twisting or bending the spine. The process of how a disc degenerates has been studied and is thought to follow a typical pattern that occurs over a long period of time- several years or decades.

Dr. Ganesh mundhe is a spine specialist in pimpri chinchwad, well-known for his excellent results. He is considered among the best spine in pune. He is also among the best spine specialist in the city of pune. He is available at NRS hospital, pune which is among the best spine surgery hospital in pimpri chinchwad.
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Sciatica is a term used to describe nerve pain in the leg that is caused by irritation and/or compression of the sciatic nerve. Sciatica originates in the lower back, radiates deep into the buttock, and travels down the leg.

What Does Sciatica Feel Like?

The symptoms of sciatica are commonly felt along the path of the large sciatic nerve. Sciatica is often characterized by one or more of the following features:

• Pain. Sciatica pain is typically felt like a constant burning sensation or a shooting pain starting in the lower back or buttock and radiating down the front or back of the thigh and leg and/or feet.
• Numbness. Sciatica pain may be accompanied by numbness in the back of the leg. Sometimes, tingling and/or weakness may also be present.
• One-sided symptoms. Sciatica typically affects one leg. The condition often results in a feeling of heaviness in the affected leg. Rarely, both legs may be affected together.
• Posture-induced symptoms. Sciatica symptoms may feel worse while sitting, trying to stand up, bending the spine forward, twisting the spine, lying down, and/or while coughing. The symptoms may be relieved by walking or applying a heat pack over the rear pelvic region.

It is important to note that any type of lower back pain or radiating leg pain is not sciatica. Sciatica is specific to pain that originates from the sciatic nerve.

Sciatica Is the Symptom of an Underlying Medical Condition

Sciatica is a term used to describe a set of symptoms caused by an underlying medical condition; it is not a medical diagnosis.

Common medical conditions that may cause sciatica include¹:

• A herniated lumbar disc
• Lumbar spinal stenosis
• Lumbar degenerative disc disease, general degenerative changes in vertebrae or discs
• Spondylolisthesis
• Muscle spasm and/or inflammation of the lumbar and/or pelvic muscles
• Sacroiliac joint dysfunction

Rarely, tumors, blood clots, or other conditions in the lower spine may cause sciatica.

The sciatic nerve is the largest single nerve in the body and is formed by the union of 5 nerve roots in the lumbar and sacral spine. There are 2 sciatic nerves in the body—the right and left nerves, supplying the corresponding lower limb.

A few anatomical characteristics of the sciatic nerve include:

• Origin. Starting at the level of the spinal segment L4, the sciatic nerve is formed by the merging of spinal nerves roots from L4 to S3. The emerging nerve roots converge into a single sciatic nerve making it large and bulky, typically up to 2cms in diameter.
• Path. After its individual contributions end, the sciatic nerve exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, below the piriformis muscle. The nerve then runs along the back of the thigh, into the leg, and finally ends in the foot.
• Branches. The sciatic nerve branches into 2 main divisions behind the knee—the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve. The tibial nerve courses down and supplies the back of the leg and the sole of the foot. The common peroneal nerve supplies the front of the leg and foot.

Rarely, the sciatic nerve may split into 2 nerves near the sciatic foramen, which merge again into a single nerve.

The specific sciatica symptoms largely depend on the nerve root that is pinched. For example, an L5 nerve impingement can cause pain in the back of the thigh and weakness in lifting the big toe and the ankle.

The Course of Sciatica

Often, a particular event or injury does not cause sciatica—rather it tends to develop over time. Sciatica affects 10% to 40% of the population, typically around the age of 40 years. Sciatica is found to be common in certain types of occupations where physically strenuous positions are used, such as machine operators or truck drivers. Specifically, people who often bend their spine forward or sideways or raise their arms frequently above the shoulder level may be at risk of sciatica.

The vast majority of people who experience sciatica typically get better within 4 to 6 weeks with nonsurgical sciatica treatments. If severe neurological deficits are present, recovery may take longer. An estimated 33% of people, however, may have persistent symptoms up to 1 year. When severe nerve compression is present with progressive symptoms, surgery may be indicated.

When Sciatica Is Serious

Certain symptoms of sciatica may indicate a serious medical condition, such as cauda equina syndrome, infection, or spinal tumors. These symptoms may include, but are not limited to:

• Progressive neurological symptoms, such as leg weakness
• Symptoms in both legs
• Bowel and/or bladder dysfunction
• Sexual dysfunction

It is advised to seek medical attention immediately if such symptoms develop. Sciatica that occurs after an accident or trauma, or if it develops in tandem with other symptoms like fever or loss of appetite, also causes for prompt medical evaluation.

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